The Long View

The Long View

The Unheeded Warnings About Panama in 1989

What President George H.W. Bush's Opponents Were Saying

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Julian Zelizer
Jan 05, 2026
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When considering precedents for the United States invading another country, arresting its leader, and bringing that leader to trial in the United States, many commentators point to 1989. That year, President George H.W. Bush ordered the removal of Panamanian President Manuel Noriega. Following the invasion, which began in December and ended in January 1…

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